Undergraduate Education
- University of Michigan
Medical Education
- University of Michigan, MD, 1979
Postgraduate Training
- Boston University, Internal Medicine, 1980
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Anesthesiology Residency, 1982
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Thoracic and Vascular Anesthesia Fellowship, 1983
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cardiac Anesthesia Fellowship, 1984
Board Certifications
- Anesthesiology